Clinical chemistry profiles in injection heroin users from Coastal Region, Kenya
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND Although the co-burden of injection drug use and HIV is increasing in Africa, little is known about the laboratory markers of injection drug use and anti-retroviral treatment (ART) in Kenyan injection drug users. This study, therefore, aimed at determining the clinical chemistry profiles and identifying the key laboratory markers of HIV infection during ART in injection heroin users (IHUs). METHODS Clinical chemistry measurements were performed on serum samples collected from HIV-1 infected ART-experienced (n = 22), naive (n = 16) and HIV-1 negative (n = 23) IHUs, and healthy controls (n = 15) from Mombasa, coastal Kenya. RESULTS HIV uninfected IHUs had lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (P = 0.023) as ART-exposed IHUs exhibited lower albumin (P = 0.014) and higher AST to platelet index (APRI) (P < 0.0001). All IHUs presented with lower aspartate aminotransferase to ALT values (P = 0.001) and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.002). ART-naive IHUs had higher globulin levels (P = 0.013) while ART-experienced and naive IHUs had higher albumin to total protein (P < 0.0001) and albumin to globulin (P < 0.0001) values. In addition, CD4+ T cells correlated with ALT (ρ = -0.522, P = 0.011) and CRP (rho, ρ = 0.529, P = 0.011) in HIV negative and ART-experienced IHUs, respectively. HIV-1 viral load correlated with albumin to globulin index in ART-experienced (ρ = -0.468, P = 0.037) and naive (ρ = -0.554, P = 0.040) IHUs; and with albumin to total protein index (ρ = -0.554, P = 0.040) and globulin (ρ = 0.570, P = 0.033) in ART-naive IHUs. CONCLUSION Absolute ALT, albumin, globulin, and CRP measurements in combination with APRI, AST to ALT, albumin to total protein and albumin to globulin indices may be useful laboratory markers for screening IHUs for initiating and monitoring treatment.
منابع مشابه
The rise of injecting drug use in east Africa: a case study from Kenya
Studies on injecting drug use in East Africa are reviewed. The existing studies document the spread of heroin injection in Kenya and Tanzania, both countries where HIV rates are high. No data from Uganda on injecting drug use was found by the authors. A case study of the growth of heroin injection in a Kenyan coastal town is presented. The need for needle-exchange programmes and other preventio...
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Author details Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya. Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya. Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. Department of Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. Bomu Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya. Department of Biological Scie...
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عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 14 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014